Speech and language difficulties coupled with literacy problems (pp1)
- delayed speech and language development
- persisting problems with articulation
- word finding and grammar
- visual defecits (may affect reading skills)
- reading comprehension
- spelling and literacy problems
Problems with processing visual to verbal processing defecits
- dyslexia?
- 'children could visually match and select abstract shapes as well as normally-developing children in grades 1-4'
- however, dyslexic children did less well at associating abstract shapes with a verbal response and had difficulty to transferring their verbal codes to new tasks
- (this is the 'verbal defecit hypothesis' of dyslexia)
Speech and language problems generally more common in males
problems often run in families
common recurrence in fathers
highly heritable (twins)
Catts, H. W. (1999) 'The relationship betwenn speech-language impairments and reading disabilities' Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 36:pp948-958
Division of reading measures to define what is meant by 'literacy outcome':
- reading comprehension
- word recognition
Relationship between speech and literacy development
Speech Processing System
Speech --------------------------------- ------------------------------Literacy Classification of Speech Problems in Children
- Medical
- Linguistic
- Psycholinguistic
Mulloys, N. & Morganbarry, R. (1990) Developmental Neurological Disorders in Grunwell, P. (ed) Developmental Speech Disorders LONDON; Whurr Publishers
The Medical Perspective
Dyspraxia
Difficulty in imitating, in directing and controlling the speed and duration of moves of articulation
Dysarthia
impairment of movement and o-ordination of the muscles required for speech, due to abnormal tone
Stuttering
non-fluent speech
Causes
cleft palate (abnormal oral structure)
hearing loss or environmenta deprivation
medical conditions (downs,autism, pyschiatric disorder etc.)
The Medical Perspective
Positives
- conditions are easier defined
- medical management can contribute significantly to the prevention or remediation of the speeech or language difficulty
- may be helpful to know the prognosis of condition (longterm)
Negatives
- diagnosis cannot always be made
- aietilogy not always clear
- cannot predict what any individual will experience (personal)
